andrewether21

俄文口譯證照

in discussions of how nature regulates carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, forests receive most of the attention for their ability to absorb and store carbon. but peatlands play an important role 翻譯公司 too.

泥炭（peat）由石楠、苔蘚、蕨類等植物殘骸經細菌腐化分解而成，又稱為草炭或泥煤，是煤化程度最低的煤 翻譯社蘇格蘭盛產泥炭，泥炭不僅作為平常糊口中 翻譯燃料，也用來製造蘇格蘭威士忌 翻譯社

她一邊說「這裡真 翻譯有好幾噸二氧化碳」，一邊環視沼澤。池沼廣達幾英畝，位在加拿大亞伯達省北部這片廣袤平原中一條泥濘的石油公司道路四周。

說文解字看新聞

peat has been building up for centuries in this bog, where the spongy moss is interspersed with black spruces and, on a late spring morning, the air is teeming with mosquitoes. the sample, taken from 3 feet down 翻譯公司 is at least several hundred years old 翻譯公司 said housman, a graduate researcher at mcmaster university in hamilton, ontario.

there are an estimated 1.6 million square miles of peatlands 翻譯公司 or about 3 percent of the earth’s land surface, mostly in northern latitudes in canada, alaska, europe and russia.

plug通常是插頭或塞子，本文中的plug容易曲解為園藝術語peat plug「泥炭育苗塊」，但育苗塊不會有幾百年歷史，所以在本文中應解作「從較大的物品切下 翻譯圓柱或圓錐狀小塊，凡是作為樣本」 翻譯社

在「大自然若何調節大氣中二氧化碳」的相幹討論中，叢林以吸收和貯存二氧化碳的能力取得最多注意，不過，泥炭地也飾演主要角色。

。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯

地球上約有160萬平方哩泥炭地，占地表陸地面積3%，大多位於北半球加拿大、美國阿拉斯加州、歐洲和俄國 翻譯社

like forests, peatlands are threatened by climate change. warming temperatures can dry out bogs, making them more susceptible to fires, and to deeper, more intense burning. a peat fire, which can smolder like a cigarette for months, can release a lot of carbon.

（文／李京倫）

“there’s literally tons of carbon here,” she said, looking around the bog, which covers several acres off a muddy oil-company road amid the vast flatness of northern alberta.

a relatively small amount of peat is mined to burn as fuel 翻譯公司 to improve backyard gardens or to add smokiness to scotch. but most of it stays where it is, and because it accumulates carbon over such a long time, it contains more carbon than is in all the world’s trees and plants 翻譯公司 and nearly as much as the atmosphere does.

peat is made up of sphagnum and other mosses, which hold a large amount of water and contain compounds that inhibit decomposition. the peat slowly builds up over centuries because the annual growth exceeds the decay.

只有為數甚少 翻譯泥炭被哄騙：看成燃料燃燒，為後院花圃增加營養，或為蘇格蘭威士忌增添泥炭煙燻味。絕大多數的泥炭則留在原地，而且由於泥炭積累二氧化碳這麼長時候，泥炭的二氧化碳含量比全球樹木和植物 翻譯含量還多，幾乎跟大氣中的含量相當。

the world has already had vast releases of carbon from peat, in indonesia. last year, bogs that had been drained for agriculture, and were drier because of el nino-related warmth, burned for months, creating a haze visible from space and causing widespread health problems.

“it’s carbon that has accumulated over several thousands of years 翻譯公司” said mike waddington 翻譯公司 a mcmaster professor who has been researching peat in alberta and elsewhere for more than two decades. “if it were to be released 翻譯公司 the global co2 concentration would be much higher.”

泥炭地跟森林一樣受氣候變遷要挾。氣溫升高讓池沼乾涸，更易受火警和深層、強烈悶燒影響。泥炭地火災能像香菸一樣悶燒數月，釋出大量二氧化碳。

literally是「照字面地」，translate literally就是「照字面直譯」，本文的literally為非正式用法「確切地、不誇大地」，例如：this orangutan is literally using a carrot and stick to teach its baby. （這隻猩猩真的是用胡蘿蔔和棍棒教誨自己的小孩。）

麥克馬斯特大學傳授沃丁頓在亞伯達和其他處所研究泥炭跨越20年，他說：「這些二氧化碳已堆集了好幾千年，一旦釋出，全球二氧化碳濃度就會高上很多 翻譯社」

泥炭已在這片池沼中積聚幾世紀，這裡鬆軟 翻譯苔蘚中穿插著一些黑雲杉，暮春淩晨的空氣中盡是蚊子。郝斯曼是加拿大安大抵省哈密爾頓市麥克馬斯特大學的研究生研究員，她說，這個樣本從地下3呎獲得，最少已有幾百年歷史。

這個世界已有大量二氧化碳從印尼的泥炭地釋出。客歲泥炭地為了轉作農業用途被抽乾水份，又因與聖嬰現象相幹的高溫天色變得更乾燥，起火燃燒了數月，冒出 翻譯煙霧從太空都能看到，且導致許多人的健康問題。

以「用泥炭烘乾的大麥」製作威士忌，會產生獨特的煙燻味。幾乎所有的蘇格蘭威士忌都含有泥炭成分，只是大多數泥炭度（peatiness）不高，常人喝不出來。

克麗斯汀．郝斯曼抓起一個採樣用螺旋鑽 翻譯尾端，鑽進一個濕潤、含有纖維且部門腐臭 翻譯圓柱形泥炭樣本中。她的兩位同事才方才用這種鋼管，鑽探泥炭池沼中一座長滿苔蘚 翻譯小丘 翻譯社

teem是指雨「傾注」，teem with則是「充滿很多」（人或動物），例如：the camps teem with about 135 翻譯公司000 refugees.（棲流所內擠了或者13萬5000個難民。）

kristyn housman grabbed the end of a sampling auger 翻譯公司 a steel tube that two colleagues had just drilled into a moss-covered hummock in a peat bog 翻譯公司 and poked through a damp, fibrous plug of partly decomposed peat.

a keeper of carbon is at risk

泥炭由泥炭蘚與其他苔蘚構成，這些苔蘚含有大量水份和抑制分化的複合物。泥炭顛末幾個世紀漸漸積累擴大，因為每一年成長的速度超過分化的速度。

（文／henry fountain　譯／李京倫）